Know that there are
certain manners to fasting that one must abide by and adhere to so that the
fast could proceed in the way it was prescribed so that one could achieve its
benefits, fulfill its objective and not find it discomforting and without benefit.
This is as the Prophet (sallAllaahu
‘alayhi wa sallam) said: “Perhaps all a person fasting derives from his fast is
hunger and thirst.”
So fasting is not
just the abandonment of food and drink only. Rather, it also entails abandoning
improper statements and actions that are forbidden or disliked.
One of the Salaf
once said: “The least form of fasting is leaving off food and drink.” This is
since drawing near to Allaah by abandoning allowable things cannot be complete
unless after drawing nearer to Him by abandoning what Allaah has prohibited
under every circumstance. Even though a Muslim is obligated to abandon the
unlawful at all times, it is even more binding upon him while he is fasting.
If one commits the
unlawful in times other than when he is fasting, he is sinning and worthy of
being punished. But if he commits it while fasting, then on top of being sinful
and deserving of punishment, this affects his fast by it being either deficient
or nullified.
So the person who
truly observes the fast is he who withholds his stomach from food and drink,
refrains his limbs from sins, restricts his tongue from vile and evil speech,
restrains his ears from listening to songs, musical instruments, backbiting and
gossip, and holds back his eyes from looking at the forbidden.
The Prophet (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said: “Whoever
does not abandon false speech and acting upon it, then Allaah is not in need of
him abandoning his food and drink.” [Reported by Al-Bukhaaree]
The person who is
fasting must avoid backbiting, gossip and insulting others, based on what the
two Shaikhs (Al-Bulkhaaree and Muslim) reported from Abu Hurairah (radyAllaahu ‘anhu)
that he said, and it was raised as being a saying of the Prophet: “Fasting is armor. So if it is a day
in which one of you is fasting, then he should not be vile in speech nor should
he be sinful nor should he be ignorant. And if someone reviles him, then he
should say: ‘I am a person that is fasting.’”
The word junnah (armor)
is that which protects the one who wears it from the weapon of his opponent
causing harm to him.
So fasting protects
a person from falling into sins whose consequences are punishment in this world
and the next. The word rafath in the hadeeth refers to lewd and immoral speech.
Imaam Ahmad reported in marfoo’ form that the Prophet (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam)
said: “Verily,
fasting is armor so long as it is not pierced.” It was
said: “What causes it to be pierced?” He (sallAllaahu
‘alayhi wa sallam) said: “Lying and Backbiting.”
This is proof that
backbiting pierces the fast or makes a dent in it. When armor is pierced it is
of no more use to the one wearing it. So in the same manner, when one’s fast is
pierced, it is no longer any benefit to the one performing it.
Backbiting is as
the Messenger of Allaah (sallAllaahu
‘alayhi wa sallam) explained it, and that is mentioning about your
brother what he hates. It has been reported in the Musnad of Imaam Ahmad that
this breaks the fast:
“Two women were once
fasting during the lifetime of Allaah’s Messenger and they almost died of
thirst. This was mentioned to the Prophet (sallAllaahu
‘alayhi wa sallam) but he turned away from (allowing) them (to
break the fast). Then they were mentioned to him again, so he called for them
and ordered them to vomit, i.e. throw up, what was in their stomachs. So they
both vomited and filled up a bowl with puss, blood and pieces of flesh. Then
the Prophet (sallAllaahu
‘alayhi wa sallam) said: ‘These two fasted by refraining from what Allaah made
lawful for them. but they broke their fast by doing what Allaah made unlawful
for them. One of them sat with the other and they began to eat from the flesh
of people.’”
What transpired
with these two women in the presence of the Messenger of Allaah (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam)
from their vomiting vile and disgusting things – this was from the miracles
that Allaah allowed to occur at the hand of His Messenger so that he could show
the evil effects of backbiting to the people. Allaah says: “And do not backbite one another.
Would one of you love to eat the flesh of his dead brother?”[Surah
Al-Hujuraat: 12]
This hadeeth shows
that backbiting breaks the fast. This is in the figurative sense, meaning it
nullifies the reward of fasting.
May Allaah send His
peace and blessings on our prophet, Muhammad, his family and Companions.
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