Prophet Muhammad (صلّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلّم)
delivered
his last sermon (Khutbah) on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah (12th and the last month of
the Isalamic year), 10 years after Hijrah (migration from Makkah to Madeenah)
in the Uranah Valley of mount Arafat. His words were quite clear and concise
and were directed to the ENTIRE humanity.
After praising, and thanking Allaah سُبحانه
وتعالى he صلّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلّم said:
“O People, lend me an attentive
ear, for I know not whether after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again.
Therefore listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and take these words to those
who could not be present here today.
O People, just as you regard this
month, this day, this city as Sacred, so
regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust.
Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.
Remember that you will
indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds.
Allaah has forbidden you to
take usury (interest), therefore all interest obligation shall
henceforth be waived. Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither
inflict nor suffer any inequity. Allaah has Judged that there shall be no
interest and that all the interest due to Abbas ibn ‘Abd’al Muttalib (Prophet’s
uncle) shall henceforth be waived…
Beware of Shaitaan, for the safety of
your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you
astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things.
O People, it is true that you have
certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember
that you have taken them as your wives only under Allaah’s trust and with His
permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be
fed and clothed in kindness. Do
treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and
committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make
friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be
unchaste.
O People, listen to me in earnest,
worship Allaah, say your five daily prayers (Salah), fast during the month of
Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakaah. Perform Hajj if you can afford to.
All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab
has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an
Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor a black has any
superiority over white except by piety (taqwa) and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim
and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall
be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given
freely and willingly. Do
not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves.
Remember, one day you will appear
before Allaah and answer your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of
righteousness after I am gone.
O People, no prophet or apostle will come
after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well,
therefore, O People, and understand words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the
Qur'aan and my example (the Sunnah); and if you follow these you will never
go astray.
All those who listen to me shall
pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words
better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O Allaah,
that I have conveyed Your message to Your people.”
{Reference: Al-Bukhari, Hadeeth 1623, 1626,
6361) Saheeh of Imâm Muslim also refers to this sermon in Hadeeth number 98. Imâm
al-Tirmidhee has mentioned this sermon in Hadeeth nos. 1628, 2046, 2085. Imâm
Ahmed bin Hanbal has given us the longest and perhaps the most complete version
of this sermon in his Masnud, Hadeeth no. 19774}
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