Question:
The questioner says: Ibnul Qayyim and others from the people of knowledge have mentioned that the Prophet ﷺ would mostly recite from the Mufassal Surahs during the prayer and that it's not appropriate to start from the middle of nor the end of a Surah?
Answer:
Yes, the evidences in this regard indicate that in his prayers, the Prophetﷺ would mostly recite from the Mufassal; which begins from Surah Qaaf until Surah Naas. Most of the Prophet's recitation was from this section of the Qur'an. Nonetheless, it's been reported that the prophet ﷺ recited from other sections other than the Mufassal; he used to recite Suratus Sajdah in the 1st Rak'ah of Fajr prayer on Fridays, and this Surah is not from the Mufassal.
Likewise, the Prophet ﷺ is reported to have read Suratul A'raaf as well as Suratul Mu'minoon, and these also are not from the Mufassal. So one can recite Surahs from here and there, but there's no harm if a person wishes to read mostly from the Mufassal in his prayer. There is no harm, because Allaah -The Most High- said:
{فَٱقۡرَءُواْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ}
"So recite that which is easy (for you) from the Qur’aan."
[Muzzammil: 20]
The questioner (also) asked: Is it legislated to recite from the middle of the Surah and from the end?
We've already covered this issue has in (our lessons on) Muntaqal Akhbaar, and the correct opinion is that it is permissible to recite from the beginning, middle as well as the end of a Surah, due to His saying -The Most High-:
{فَٱقۡرَءُواْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ}
"So recite that which is easy (for you) from the Qur’aan."
[Muzzammil: 20]
As well as His -The Most High-'s saying:
{فَٱقۡرَءُوا۟ مَا تَیَسَّرَ مِنۡهُ}
"So recite that which is easy from it (the Qur’aan)."
[Muzzammil: 20]
Similarly, the Prophetﷺ is reported to have commenced reciting from the beginning as well as midway through a Surah. And although there are no reports of him commencing from the last part of a Surah, this would still fall under the generality of His -the most high- saying:
{فَٱقۡرَءُواْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ}
"So recite that which is easy (for you) from the Qur’aan."
[Muzzammil: 20]
An example of the prophetﷺ commencing from the beginning of the Surah, whereby he read some before going into Rukoo' is when heﷺ recited Suratul A'araaf over 2 Raka'aat.
Another instance is mentioned in the Hadeeth of 'Abdullah Ibnus Saa'ib in Sahih Muslim, that the prophet ﷺ recited Suratul Mu'minoon until he reached the part concerning Musa -peace be upon him-, thereupon he began coughing so he went into Rukoo'.
As for commencing his ﷺ recitation midway through a Surah then this has come when he ﷺ offered the voluntary prayer before Fajr. During the first Rak'ah, he would (sometimes) recite the statement of Allaah -The Most High:
{قُولُوۤا۟ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَمَاۤ أُنزِلَ إِلَیۡنَا وَمَاۤ أُنزِلَ إِلَىٰۤ إِبۡرَ ٰهِـۧمَ وَإِسۡمَـٰعِیلَ وَإِسۡحَـٰقَ وَیَعۡقُوبَ وَٱلۡأَسۡبَاطِ وَمَاۤ أُوتِیَ مُوسَىٰ وَعِیسَىٰ وَمَاۤ أُوتِیَ ٱلنَّبِیُّونَ مِن رَّبِّهِمۡ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَیۡنَ أَحَدࣲ مِّنۡهُمۡ وَنَحۡنُ لَهُۥ مُسۡلِمُونَ}
"Say, ˹O believers,˺ “We believe in Allah and what has been revealed to us; and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and his descendants; and what was given to Moses, Jesus, and other prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them. And to Allah we all submit.”
[Surat Al-Baqarah 136]
And in the second Rak'ah of the same prayer, he would recite the saying of Allaah -The Most High:
{فَلَمَّاۤ أَحَسَّ عِیسَىٰ مِنۡهُمُ ٱلۡكُفۡرَ قَالَ مَنۡ أَنصَارِیۤ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ قَالَ ٱلۡحَوَارِیُّونَ نَحۡنُ أَنصَارُ ٱللَّهِ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ وَٱشۡهَدۡ بِأَنَّا مُسۡلِمُونَ}
"When Jesus sensed disbelief from his people, he asked, “Who will stand up with me for Allaah?” The disciples replied, “We will stand up for Allaah. We believe in Allaah, so bear witness that we have submitted.”
[Surat Aal-E-Imran 52]
As for the end of the Surah then no reports have come from the Prophetﷺ in this regard, however it falls under the generality of:
{فاقرءوا ماتيسر من القرآن}
Imaam Ahmad -may Allaah have mercy on him- points out that it's okay, but it's better left off.
He said (paraphrasing): "The Prophet ﷺ would commence reciting from the start of a Surah and also midway through a Surah, as for commencing from the last part of a Surah then this wasn't from the practice of the Prophet ﷺ."
This indicates that it wasn't something that the prophet ﷺ would do, but in terms of permissibility, then yes it's permissible due to Allaah's statement -The Most High:
{فَٱقۡرَءُواْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ}
"So recite that which is easy (for you) from the Qur'aan."
[Muzzammil: 20]
______
Translated by:
Abu Sulaymaan Khaalid ibn Anwar Al-Haatimi
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