As-Sarf Lesson # 17

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Divisions of  حُرُوف العِلَّة

{ حُرُوف العِلَّة   are the 3 weak letters: (ا) "alif", (و) "wāw", & (ي) "yā’"}

These verbs are called  مُعْتَل  - i.e. one of the three  ف  al-Kalimah, ع  al-Kalimah or ل  al-Kalimah will have a  (ا), (و) or (ي).

{* There are 4 divisions but we will be taking only 3.}

1.     First division is when the  حُرُوف العِلَّة  is in the place of  ف  al-kalimah.

E.g. وَعَدَ  and  يَسَرَ  

In  وَعَدَ -  This verb has  حُرُوف العِلَّة  in its root. The ' ف ' al-kalimah of this word has a  و (waaw).    

Another example is :  يَسَرَ  - The ' ف '  al-kalimah of this word has a  ي  (ya).

In the case of  وَعَدَ  and  يَسَرَ  we don't have to search for the root letters as the root letters are clear. It will always be a و  or a ي and never an Alif in the place of  ف   al-kalimah. The reason being the Alif is always a sukoon and it cannot be pronounced.

2.     Second division is when the  حُرُوف العِلَّة  is in the place of  ع al-kalimah.

E.g.  صَاْمَ  and  باْعَ

The root letters are not clear in these two words  صَاْمَ  and  باْعَ  because of the presence of Alif in these words.

As-Sarf Lesson #16

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Taught by: Umm Hyatt al-Ameriki حفظها الله

What is the sign that the root letter has been changed to an  (ا) "alif"

Example:  قالَ (Qaala)  and   باعَ (Baa'a)

When we see these two words, has an (ا) "alif" in the middle. What does the (ا) "alif" here represent and why?

This alif is not an extra letter because if it is an extra letter the words will comprise of only 2 letters and in Sarf the minimum number of letters is 3.

So, here it represents that the original letter has been changed to an  (ا) "alif".

The ROOT for the alif could be one of two things:   و   OR   ي

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As-Sarf Lessons 14 & 15

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Taught by: Umm Hyatt al-Ameriki حفظها الله

Words that are  مُجَرَّد ثُلاَثِيْ  (3-letter root words) that have a shaddah in its root letters & how to conjugate them

·     Both these words  قَتَّلَ (Qattala) and دَقَّ (Dakka) have shaddah. What is the difference between the two words in relation to the shaddah?

In:قَتَّلَ  

The shaddah in the word Qattala on the ع al-kalima indicates an extra letter i.e. the  ت.  This is considered المَزِيد ثُلاَثِيْ .

In:  دَقَّ

There is NO extra letter in this word. Rather, it is a 3-letter root. This word is considered  مُجَرَّد ثُلاَثِيْ.   

The shaddah in a word could indicate one of two things (depending on the number of letters in a word) as illustrated in the example in the above two words:

·       that an extra letter is present;

·       no extra letter is present

Lesson 14

Lesson 15 

As-Sarf Lesson 13

 

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Taught by: Umm Hyatt al-Ameriki حفظها الله

NEW LESSON

·       Every single verb must have a doer (the one doing the action).

·       It is not compulsory that every sentence has to have an object.

·       The doer could be a masculine noun or a feminine noun.

Example:     ذَهَبَ مُحمد الي الدُكَّان  - (Muhammad went to the shop.)

The verb is: ذَهَبَ  (to go)

The one doing the action is: مُحمد  (Muhammad is the Proper noun.)

Sometimes, instead of using the proper noun, we use the pronoun (he) in place of Muhammad. (i.e. the doer could be a pronoun).

Example:

ذَهَبَ الي الدُكَّان

(He went to the  store.)

In this sentence we don't have a proper noun to show who went to the shop. But we understand that there is a pronoun that is doing the action, which is hidden (i.e. understood) inside the verb. That pronoun is  هُوَ - 'he'. Therefore, the verb in its 3-leter root form (past tense) is always in the masculine gender 'he'.

Therefore, we don't have to say:          ذَهَبَ الي الدُكَّان هُوَ

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As-Sarf Lesson 11

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Taught by: Umm Hyatt al-Ameriki  

Important Advice for a Student of Knowledge !

Umm Hyattحفظها الله  stressed that 'Talabul-ilm is REVIEW!!' She advised all the sisters to consider themselves as students of knowledge. The angels descend upon the gathering where the students are sitting to seek ilm. 

Talabul ilm consists of:

'Understanding, revising & perfecting what we study to the best of our ability.'

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