Sheikh Muhammad bin Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen رحمه الله said:
“Fasting is mandatory on every Muslim that is a sane adult
(i.e. he has reached the age of puberty). Therefore, fasting is not obligatory upon a
disbeliever, nor will it be accepted from him until he accepts Islaam.
Neither is it obligatory for a youth to fast until he reaches the age of puberty. A
boy reaches the age of puberty when he turns fifteen years old or with the sprout of pubic hairs or
when sexual fluids descend during sleep or elsewhere. A girl
reaches the age of puberty with
her (first) menstruation. So when one of these things occurs in
a youth, he/she has reached the age of puberty (and is obligated to fast).
However, children
(i.e. under age of puberty) should be ordered to fast, if they
are able to and it will not cause harm to them, so that they may grow
accustomed and attached to it.
It
is also not obligatory on someone who loses sanity, whether due
to madness, brain surgery and so on to fast. So based on this, if there is an adult that is
delirious and cannot distinguish on his own, he is not obligated to fast or
feed needy people (as recompense).”
{From Lessons on Fasting, Taraaweeh and Zakaat;
2003 Edition; Pg.6}
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